Keratoconus

• Munson's sign (lower lid bulge on downgaze)
• Rizzuti's sign (loss of normal corneal reflectance in the slit lamp)
• retinoscopy scissors reflex
• Charleaux oil droplet sign (retroillumination)
• Vogt's striae (folds in Descemet's membrane)
• Fleischer's ring (iron in corneal epithelium)
• stromal thinning
• stromal scarring
• prominent corneal nerves
• swirl SPK staining
• pseudo-reduced IOP
• loss of BCVA
• asymmetric (>1D) astigmatism
• elevated total higher-order aberrations
• elevated vertical coma (> 0.53 um)
• elevated topography I/S values (>1.4)
• apical elevation over best fit sphere on anterior and posterior elevation maps
• corneal thinning
• corneal irregularity